radical+challenge,+1812-1822

__Spa fields- 1816__ __Reaction by Liverpool?__
 * 3 Open air meetings: 15th November, 2nd and 9th December.
 * Meeting organised by Spenceans.
 * Henry Hunt: Main speaker.
 * Big plot to promote radicalism.
 * Turned public against the Prince Regent (George IV)
 * Clamped down on protests because the meetings alarmed the government. This alarm was intensified by an attack on the Prince Regent's coach at the state opening of Parliament in Jan 1817.
 * Re- suspended Habeas Corpus

__Reaction?__
 * Government silenced the rebellious - 3 leaders were executed and 30 transported.
 * An example of terror and punishment.

__Cato street conspiracy - February 1820__ FAILED __Reaction?__ __Individuals __
 * A plot to assassinate Liverpool and his cabinet.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Organised by Spenceans.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Made the public believe that something had to be done.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4 Men were arrested and executed.
 * __HUNT__ **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">He was a public speaker
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Held open air meetings.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Good at stirring up protest
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Most recognisable as he was working class
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Some historians say he acted as a restraint on Spenceans.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Hunt was associated with the Spencean group an the events of at Spa Fields in London 1816.
 * __CARTWRIGHT__ **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">He was a prominent figure.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sent a petition to parliament.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Created Hampden clubs.
 * __COBBETT__ **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">He was a radical journalist of the "Weekly Political Register"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"> The register emphasised the need for Parliamentary reform.

__<span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Peterloo - 16th August 1819 __ <span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Why Manchester Magistrates were nervous about Hunt speaking:__ <span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Reaction?__ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Parliament had to go along with this.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Public meeting.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Hunt was the speaker. He was campaigning for parliamentary reform.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">60,000 people attended.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20px;">Hunt was associated with the Spencean group and known for supporting violence at events.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">Large numbers were apparently coming
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">Spies had reported evidence of secret drilling and arming amongst local radical groups.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Troops: Sent in by magistrates<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> NOT PARLIAMENT
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">11 People were killed, 300-400 injured and trampled in the process.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Symbol of "Ruthless repression"

<span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Blanketeers - March 1817__ <span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Reaction?__
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Wanted to give a petition to the Prince Regent - ask him to relieve distress in north textile districts.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Hunger March: From Manchester 10th March - London.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Left in small groups.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4,500 people.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Marchers turned away.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1 person shot during the march and several wounded.

<span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Luddism__ www.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIgBiGrpWNQU <span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Machine breakers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Annoying and destructive
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Held protests and caused hostility
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Joined workers: sort out work problems.

<span style="color: #1443a3; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Queen Caroline affair__ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">How did liverpool react to the radical threat? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">In 1817 Habeas Corpus was suspended <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Following **Peterloo**, the Government passed the 6 acts. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">However, now historians are arguing that Liverpools government was remarkably mild and tolrant. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Historians say they only suspended Habeaus Corpus as a detterant <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Peterloos deaths, had nothing to do with the Government, just local magistrates over reacting.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Threat came from inside the establishment rather than outside (like all other threats)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Was married to George the <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">IV: They separated and she moved to Italy.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">George IV became king and Caroline wanted to be queen.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">She wanted to attend his coronation: offered £50,00 a year to stay away from George - declined it.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">1820- __ Huge crowds gathered to show their support for her.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Eventually accepted the offer - lost her popularity.